Information about Reactive Arthritis by garden.landscapiidr

Reactive arthritis causes inflammation, pain and swelling of the joints, and usually develops after an infection, often in the bowel or genital areas. Being an auto-immune condition, the infection awakens the immune system, the normal role being to fight off infections to keep you healthy, however, this immune system activity continues after the infection has been cleared. Hence the name "reactive" as the condition is reacting to the presence of bacterial infections. This leads to swelling of the joints, although the joints themselves are not infected. About one in 10 people with specific types of bacterial infections will get reactive arthritis. Reactive arthritis was formerly known as Reiter's syndrome.
Symptoms:
Reactive arthritis usually begins a few weeks after an infection, affecting many parts of the body and commonly include:
* pain, swelling and stiffness of joints, often the knees and ankles * pain and stiffness in the buttocks and back (also known as spondylitis, meaning inflammation of the spine) * pain in tendons, such as at the back of the heel (tendons are the strong cords that attach muscles onto bones) * rash on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet * pain and redness in the eyes.
Causes:
Only specific bacteria may result in reactive arthritis. The most common are:
* chlamydia bacteria, which are transmitted during sexual activity * salmonella, shigella, yersinia or campylobacter bacteria, which cause food poisoning.
It is not known why some people who get these infections develop reactive arthritis and some do not. A certain gene called HLA-B27 is associated with reactive arthritis, especially inflammation of the spine. It most commonly strikes individuals aged 20-40, is more common in men than in women, and is more common in white men than in black men. This is owing to white individuals' being more likely to have tissue type HLA-B27 than black individuals.
Diagnosis:
Your doctor will diagnose reactive arthritis from your symptoms and a physical examination. Your doctor may also order blood tests for inflammation, such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests. Blood tests may also help to rule out other types of arthritis. There are countless clinical symptoms, but the clinical picture is dominated by polyarthritis (any type of arthritis which involves five or more joints). There is pain, swelling, redness, and heat in the joints. MRI is effective for diagnosis. The urethra, cervix and throat may be swabbed in an attempt to culture the bacterial culprit. Cultures may be carried out on urine and stool samples. Synovial fluid from an affected knee may be aspirated to look at the fluid under the microscope and for culture. Also, a blood test for the genetic marker HLA-B27 may be given to determine if the patient has the gene. About 75 percent of all patients with Reiter's Syndrome have the gene.
Signs and symptoms:
For most people reactive arthritis disappears completely with time and causes no permanent joint problems. More than four out of five people with reactive arthritis will recover completely within three to 12 months. During this time you may find that your symptoms are worse some days and better other days. Most patients have severe symptoms lasting a few weeks to six months. 15 to 50 percent of cases have recurrent bouts of arthritis. While most people need some form of treatment, usually medicines, while symptoms are present, about one in five people need long-term treatment as their arthritis does not improve, or returns.
Treatments:
The main goal of treatment is to identify and eradicate the underlying infectious source with the appropriate antibiotics if still present. Otherwise, treatment is symptomatic for each problem. Analgesics, steroids and immunosuppressants may be needed for patients with severe reactive symptoms that do not respond to any other treatment. Your doctor will tailor your treatment to your symptoms and the severity of your condition. There is no way of predicting exactly which treatment will work best for you. Your doctor may need to trial several different treatments before finding the one that is right for you and will be able to supply you with more information about reactive arthritis

The Different Theories of Dyeing by Sarah Martin

Chemists have for a long time debated the question as to just what dyeing really is. The puzzle does not yet seem to be settled. Three theories have been advanced to explain the phenomenon of dyeing:
(1) The chemical theory
(2) The mechanical theory
(3) The solid solution theory
The chemical theory is based on the possibility that a definite chemical compound called a color lake is formed between the fibers of the material being dyed and the coloring matter of the dye. Supporters of this theory say that animal fibers, such as silk and wool, contain animal acids and have the power to react with acid and basic substances, and that they do react and change in color with acid and basic dyestuffs.
In the case of cotton fibers, which are inert chemically, an extra treatment with an acid or basic mordant is necessary in order to secure a change of color with dyes - the acid mordant going with the basic dyestuff, and the basic mordants (such as various metalic oxides) being used with acid dyes. There is very little direct evidence to prove the chemical theory. The fact that alcohol and some other solvents may remove the coloring matter, and leave the fibers unchanged, seems to break down the strength of the arguments for the chemical theory to some extent.
The mechanical theory is supported by possibility that the coloring matter may be composed of fine particles, which are invisible even with a microscope, that lodge between the tiny imaginary molecules that are supposed to be component parts of the fibers themselves.
However, it is known that a given dye produces varying tones and nuances on different fibers, which in some cases are fast to light and in others are fugitive. Adherents of this theory sometimes say that the size of the molecules of the dye and different fibers may vary, allowing the coloring matter to find a lodging place in some materials and not in others to such good advantage.
To support this theory it is pointed out that, in general, hot dyeing is more effective than cold dyeing. This may be due to greater expansion in the size of the molecules of one material than of the other, thus permitting them to unite to better advantage and to form a different and new color.
The mechanical theory is not thought by most chemists to be a satisfactory explanation of dyeing reactions on wool and silk, but some people still think that it really shows what takes place with cotton and possibly other vegetable fibers during the dyeing process. If dyeing were merely mechanical, it seems probable that repeated washings in boiling water would remove all the color. This cannot be done in many cases where permanent dyes have been used.
The solid solution theory, advanced by Witt, is more difficult to understand than either of the others, but it is now believed by many color chemists to be the most probable explanation. According to this theory, one solid substance, such as coloring-matter, may be dissolved by another solid, such as fiber, just as molten glass may be colored by absorbing certain pigments. The fibers that are being dyed act as solvents, which absorb certain coloring matter from the dye solution. In some cases, mordants, which are of three classes, may enter into the dyeing operation.

Test your knowledge by Vicky Advani

01 The theory of relativity was propounded by Albert Einstein 02 The principal metal used in manufacturing steel is Iron 03 An alimeter is used for measuring Altitude 04 Oology is the study of Birds eggs 05 Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Bacquerel 06 The metal used in storage batteries is Lead 07 The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is Hygrometer 08 Barometer was invented by Torricelli 09 The unit of power is Watt 10 Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierrie Curie 11 The existence of isotopes was discovered by Frederick Soddy 12 Dynamo was invented by Michael Faraday 13 The nuclear reactor was invented by Enrico Ferni 14 The law of gravitation was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton 15 Crescograph was invented by J.C.Bose 16 Crescograph is used to measure the Rate of growth of a plant 17 Galileo's first scientific discovery was Pendulum 18 Microscope was invented by Aaton Van Leewen Hock 19 The scientist who is known as father of modern biology is Aristotle 20 The first person to see a cell under microscope was Robert Hooke 21 The smallest flowering plant is Worffia 22 The four blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner 23 Sodium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy 24 The atomic number of oxygen is Eight 25 The basic building blocks of proteins are Amino acids 26 The botanical name of the cotton plant is Gossipium Hirsutum 27 An Electroscope is used to Detect charges on a body 28 The unit of loudness is Phon 29 An ammeter is used to measure Electric current 30 Plant that eat insects are called Insectivorous plants 31 Fruits that are formed without fertilization are called Parthenocarpic 32 Plants that flower only once in their lifetime are called Mono carpic 33 The botanical name for rice is Oryza Sativa 34 Penicillin is obtained from Mould 35 The largest tree in the world is Seguoia Gigantica 36 Herpetology is the study of Reptiles 37 Entomology is the study of Insects 38 Ornithology is the study of Birds 39 Ichtyology is the study of Fishes 40 Osteology is the study of Bones 41 The botanical name for brinjal is Solanum melongenal 42 The botanical name for onion is Allium Cepa 43 The study of sound is called Acoustics 44 The study of heavenly bodies is called Astronomy 45 The study of tissues is called Histology 46 Electric Lamp was invented by Thomas alva Edison 47 The fear of crowd is called Ochlophobia 48 The fear of books is called Bibliophobia 49 The fear of going to bed is called Clinophobia 50 The symbol of gold is Au 51 The symbol of sodium is Na 52 The symbol of Sr stands for Strontium 53 The symbol Rb stands for Rubidium 54 The symbol Md stands for Mendelevium 55 Calcium sulphate is commonly called Plaster of Paris 56 Sodium carbonate is commonly called Washing Soda 57 Sodium chloride is commonly known as Common Salt 58 The chemical name of Chloroform is Trichloromethane 59 The chemical name of baking powder is Sodium bicarbonate 60 The chemical name of bleaching powder is Calcium hypochlorite 61 The formula HCL stands for Hydrochloric Acid 62 The formula H2SO4 stands for Sulphuric Acid 63 The formula CHCI3 stands for Trichloromethane 64 The formula H2O2 stands for Hydrogen peroxide 65 A fungus which can only survive on other living organisms is called Obligate Parasite 66 A plant which lives in the dark is called Scotophyte 67 A plant adapted to live in dry places is called a Xerophyte 68 A plant adapted for growth in water is called a Hydrophyte 69 Bifocal lens was invented by Benjamin Franklin 70 Cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin 71 Laser was invented by Dr.Charles H.Townes 72 Electromagnet was invented by William Sturgeon 73 Rayon was invented by Sir Joseph Swann 74 Thermostat is an instrument used for regulating Constant temperature 75 The science of organic forms and structures is known as Morphology 76 Phycology is the study of Algae 77 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was established in 1945 78 CSIR stands for Council of Scientific and Industrial Research 79 ISRO stands for Indian Space Research Organisation 80 The first human being to land on moon was Neil Armstrong 81 The first Indian in space was Rakesh Sharma 82 ISAC stands for ISRO Satellite Centre 83 VSSC stands for Vikram Sarabhai space Centre 84 The headquarters of ISRO is located at Bangalore 85 VSSC is located at Thiruvananthapuram 86 ISAC is located at Bangalore 87 National Science Centre is located at New Delhi 88 Central Tobacco Research Institute is located at Rajahmundry 89 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research is located at Bangalore 90 The Atomic Energy Commission was set up in August 1948 91 The first Indian Satellite was Aryabhatta 92 The first Indian Satellite was launched in the year 1975 93 ASLV stands for Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle 94 INSAT stands for Indian National Satellite 95 The fear of women is known as Gynophobia 96 The fear of men is known as Androphobia 97 The scientist who developed the Quantum theory was Max Plonck 98 The steam engine was invented by James Watt 99 The botanical name of tea is Camellia Sinensis 100 Logarithms were devised by John Napier 101 The acid used in a car battery is Sulphuric acid 102 The system for writing by blind people was invented by Louis Braille 103 The parachute was used for the first time by J.P.Blanchard 104 The German physicit who first demonstrated the existence of Radio waves was Henrich Hertz 105 The instrument that records the intensity of earthquakes is Seismograph 106 The laws of floating bodies was discovered by Archimedes 107 The density of milk is measured by a Lactometer 108 Fountain pen was invented by L.E.Waterman 109 The instrument used to measure the pressure of gases is the Monometer 110 Bhaskara I was a famous Astronomer 111 The first atomic power station established in India was the Tarapore Atomic Power Station 112 The role of heredity was demonstrated by Mendel 113 The instrument used to measure the concentration of salt water is the Salinometer 114 Spectroscopy is the study of Anders John Angstrom 115 Dactylography is the study of Finger Prints 116 A tangent galvanometer is used to study the Strength of direct current 117 The fruit of Oak is called Acron 118 ZETA stands for Zero Energy Thermonuclear Assembly 119 The formula C6H5OH stands for Phenol 120 Michael Faraday worked as an assistant under another scientist whose name was Sir Humphry Davy 121 Vulcanised rubber was invented by Charles Goodyear 122 The symbol Zn stands for Zinc 123 The symbol He stands for Helium 124 Celluloid was invented by A.Parker 125 Glider was invented by Sir George Caley 126 Safety matches was invented by J.E.Lundstrom 127 Radio valve was invented by Sir J.A.Fleming 128 Space Applications Centre is located at Ahmedabad 129 Atomic Energy Commission is located at Mumbai 130 Dynamics is the study of Movements of bodies 131 Statics is the study of Forces acting on bodies at rest 132 Mechanics is the study of Forces acting on bodies 133 Zoology is the study of Animal life 134 Botany is the study of Plant life 135 Psychology is the study of Human mind 136 The first American to orbit earth was John H.Glen 137 The electro-cardiograph was invented by William Einthoven 138 The molecular formula of cane sugar is C12H22O11 139 A compound which contains only hydrogen and Carbon is called a Hydrocarbon 140 The liquid used to preserve specimens of plans and animals is Formalin 141 The law of segregaton was propounded by Mendel 142 Auriscope is used to detect Ear disorders 143 The three states of matter are Solid,liquid and gas 144 The scientific name for blood platelets is Thrombocytes 145 The response of a plant to heat is called Thermotropism 146 The response of a plant to touch is called Trigmotropism 147 The symbol Zr stands for Zirconium 148 Nickel was discovered by Cronstledt 149 Manganese was discovered by Gahn 150 The common name for pottasium carbonate is Potash 151 Bismuth was discovered by Valentine 152 The biggest plant seed is Cocodemer 153 Toxicology is the study of Poisons 154 Virology is the study of Viruses 155 Paleontology is the study of Fossils 156 Calorimeter is used to measure Quantity of heat 157 Chronometer was invented by John Harrison 158 Stethoscope was invented by William Stockes 159 Spinning frame was invented by Sir Richard Arkwright 160 Al stands for Aluminium 161 Gd stands for Gadolinium 162 Ir stands for Iridium 163 Bi stands for Bismuth 164 The Chemical formula of sodium bicarbonate is NaHCO3 165 The chemical formula of common salt is Nacl 166 The chemical formula of washing soda is Na2CO3,IOH2O 167 The chemical formula of lime soda is CaCO3 168 The chemical formula of chloroform is CHcl3 169 The study of grasses is known as Agrostology 170 The study of antiquities is known as Archaeology 171 The study of the duration of life is known as Chronobiology 172 The study of bacteria is known as Bacteriology 173 Nylon was invented by Dr.Wallace H.Carothers 174 Electric razor was invented by Jacob Schick 175 The symbol of silver is Ag 176 The symbol of silicon is Si 177 The symbol of titanium is Ti 178 Calcium oxide is commonly known as Quick lime 179 A deviation of light passing from one medium to another is known as Refraction 180 An apparatus for generation of atomic energy is called a Reactor 181 A machine used for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a Generator 182 The first Indian woman in space was Kalpana Chawla 183 The revolver was invented by Samuel Colt 184 The refrigerator was invented by J.Perkins

How To Get Rid Of Moles by bcured

Mole removal is often done using surgical procedures. Firstly, We should learn how to identify a mole that could potentially be cancerous. The next step is to consult a dermatologist. He or she would either excise part of the mole, ie a small tissue sample for examination under the microscope. Depending on the extent of the abnormality; the dermatologist may remove the entire mole. So, please don't be surprised as this is necessary. Even if the mole proves to be cancerous, the procedure would not cause the cancer to spread. This simple procedure is what we call biopsy. Once it is confirmed to be cancerous, the outer rim or surrounding skin would be cut away as a precautionary measure and the wound would be stitched. Depending on where the moles appear, sometimes people actually love to keep them. Take for instance; celebrities could be famous because of their beauty moles. Such sort of moles beautify the individual's appearance rather than mar it. However, moles that grow under skin folds or come into constant contact with clothing can lead to abrasion and irritation. Some facial moles may be aesthetically ugly. Mole removal then becomes necessary. There are also cases where the moles simply fade away without treatment. It would do you well to check out your insurance policy to make sure that the medical bills incurred for skin mole removal can be covered. However, you need to know that if the moles are removed for cosmetic purposes, it is unlikely that insurers would compensate you. Common methods of removal are as follows. (1) The moles can be cut away or excised using a scalpel. Local anesthetic is applied on the area to numb the pain. The open wound would be stitched. (2) Moles can be cauterized ie burnt off. (3) Laser surgery is perhaps the cleanest and most sophisticated method of mole removal. But it can be really expensive if the number of moles to be removed is many. Turn to this as a last resort only if the moles cannot be treated in other ways. There are ways to live with moles, rather than to remove them totally. Stay away from the sun as it will prevent the moles from developing into malignant ones. Apply sunblock for UV protection when you are out of the house. Applying special cosmetics would also hide the moles if they are tiny and unnoticeable. Medicinal plants deliver profound results to cure a vast array of ailments; recent scientific studies demonstrate this very fact and show just how powerful they can be. The beauty of these naturally occurring extracts is that they not only deliver incredible results to eradicate specific ailments, but do so without undesired side effects. NeviCurative provides a safe and effective alternative to current medical treatments that can be invasive and expensive. It provides total clearance of moles without any recurrence, discomfort, or tissue damage. The therapeutic action of NeviCurative is accomplished via its rapid absorption into the skin where moles occur. The certified organic antimicrobial plant extracts in NeviCurative are lipophilic (easily absorbed into fatty tissue such as the skin) and have a low molecular weight. This allows them to pass readily through skin tissue and into cell membranes where they eradicate nevi. Natural substances can heal better than synthetic drugs because our bodies are designed to absorb and benefit from naturally occurring plant molecules. In comparison, synthetic substances are alien to our system and were only introduced in the last 80 years. Our bodies were not created to accept or metabolize these synthetic substances, which would explain why they are responsible for more fatalities than those suffered by US forces during the Vietnam War. Drugs clog receptor sites and confuse the system. The plant extract compounds represent molecules of life itself, which are in perfect biochemical harmony with the human system. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and their therapeutic properties have been revealed during clinical observations. These properties have been validated through pharmacological tests on animals, isolated tissue samples, and cell cultures, proving that medicinal plants provide outstanding results in healing the human system. CURED researchers have analyzed hundreds of antimicrobial medicinal plant extracts to verify their capacity to eradicate melanomas and moles. NeviCurative contains a blend of organic plant extracts that have demonstrated the greatest effect against moles, in comprehensive scientific trials, while being well tolerated by skin tissue. To learn why this treatment works, please go to http://www.bcured.net.

What Is Influenza by Mervin Hester

Influenza better known as the "flu" is an infection of the respiratory tract that can affect millions of people. The influenza virus can be spread from person to person through coughing and sneezing of an infected individual.
Statistics show about 20,000 Americans die from influenza or influenza related pneumonia each year. Pneumonia and influenza are the sixth common cause of death in the United States. Elderly (65+) make up more than 90% of the 20,000 Americans who die from this illness each year.
A person may contract the influenza virus and not experience any symptoms for a few days. The incubation period for the influenza virus ranges from 1-4 days.
Is there more than one type of Influenza virus?
What is influenza?
There are three different kinds of Influenza viruses: Influenza A, Influenza B, and Influenza C. Influenza A can attack animals and humans, the remaining two (Influenza B and Influenza C) can only attack humans. Influenza C causes a very mild infection and does not provoke epidemics.
When observed through an electron microscope, influenza viruses are figured like filaments or spheres. Immunity to one strain of the influenza virus will not protect you against newly born strains of the virus, which has undergone minor changes or mutations.
The Influenza B and Influenza C virus may infect only human beings while Influenza A may infect several different types of animals. Influenza A virus can sicken many various types of animals, including humans, aquatic mammals, birds, horses, swine, and others.
At times when two different strains of viruses combine in humans or animals, they result in a new unique strain of virus with more immunity. The modern 2004 Influenza Vaccine is made of three strains, which include two strains of influenza A and one strain of influenza B.

Home Remedies For Scabies by Hayley Hewitt

Home Remedies to clear scabies is a much searched for product. I know how desperate I was. Watching my 5 year old suffer was really hard, especially since initially we had no idea what it was. At first, we did think it might be eczema returning to our family (which his brother had as a baby); a lot of the symptoms were the same. The one in particular, the night time itch! He was waking up in the middle of the night absolutely clawing himself until he bled.
After a couple of nights, I got him to the doctors who examined Harry. He looked at the pimple like bumps through a microscope and confirmed that Harry had scabies. He prescribed something to treat the critters, a cream which I took home and covered Harry in and left it on him all night, before rinsing it off the next morning. What he failed to tell me was that I should have washed Harry's sheets, steam vacuumed the house, washed cuddle toys, etc, etc. Initially I just went with his advice and didn't even think about home remedies for scabies - no excuse I know but I was desperate. The mites can not live longer than 48 hours or breed away from the human skin.
Needless to the say the horrible little bugs came back with full force about a week or so later. Thankfully, within that week I had been searching for information on the cream I had used on Harry, as usually I only like to use natural creams etc. This is probably due to the past experiences I have had using steroids, not good.
One thing to remember is that when you have treated yourself or the scabies patient the itch will get better but it wont go entirely for anywhere up to 6 months. It is rare for it to contniue this long though. For Harry the night time itch went within a couple of days and then the slight itches continued for about 3 weeks.
What I found on 'the cream' made me feel bad that I had used it. To start off, it says 'do not use when pregnant or if under 2', that's your first sign its no good and secondly it tells you to use a minimal amount, actually giving you the maximum (which isn't much) information to use. Now because I am (much to my husbands annoyance most times) an organised person I had looked into home remedies for scabies to be prepared for any future mites.

Overcome Infertility 105--Assisted Hatching In Conventional Medication by Kyle J. Norton

As we mentioned in previous article, conventional medicine plays an important role and most of the time is the first treatment for a couple who for what ever reason cam not conceive after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse or can not carry the pregnancy to full term. Artificial insemination is defined as placing sperm of the male partner by using medical advance technological instrument into the female reproductive tract through a method other than sexual intercourse. It is used when the male partner is diagnosed with low sperm count and motility or when a woman is diagnosed with ovulation or cervical mucus problems In this article, we will discuss assisted hatching: definition, effects, side effects and risk of conventional medication.
1. Definition By using chemicals, mechanical technique or laser, your reproductive specialist helps the embryo to hatch out of its protective layering and increases the chance of implantation into the uterus.
2. What is assisted hatching The assisted hatching technique is only suggested to infertile couple who have failed IVF cycles , , a couple whose embryos have a particularly "hard to break into" outer layer or women older then 37 year of age. Under a microscope by using micromanipulation techniques and during the third day of embryo development, your reproductive specialist places a tiny chemical solution on the outer coating of the embryo. which helps to open a small hole. This tiny chemical solution begins to slowly digest the protective layering, creating a small hole and steroid antibody is given in the fourth days before embryo is transferred into the female partner uterus for implantation.
4. Risk a) Damage to the embryo. b) Fetal complications c) Birth defect a) Conjoined twins
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