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วันเสาร์ที่ 29 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552
What's In Dust? by CleanPro
Author: CleanProArticle Source: MiNeeds.com, where consumers get competitive bids from Cleaners or Maids. Read reviews, compare offers & save. It's free! Article Link: http://www.mineeds.com/Jamaica/CleanPro/Articles/Whats-in-DustTags: what's in dust?, dust particles, dust green, green cleaning, green clean, microfiber, microfibers, microfiber, clothes, microfiber products, PCB, PCBs, dust mites, mitesDid you ever wonder what's in dust? Even though you may not see dust around your home or office it's out there! You can see it when the sun's rays shine in your window. Using a traditional duster just spreads or moves the dust around. By the end of this article you'll know why that is bad and how to reduce or prevent it. Here is a list of the ingredients in dust according to Sixwise.com* Shed Human Skin Cells* Flame retardants like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) * Paint particles* Cigarette smoke (and its toxic byproducts) * Pesticides* PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) * PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) * Fabric fibers from your clothes, carpets, upholstery, etc. * Sand and soil particles* Plant and insect parts (When dust is examined under a microscope, it is not at all unusual to spot ant heads or other insect body parts, say Arlian). * Mold spores* Pet dander and feathers* Dust mites and their feces* Viruses* Rodent waste* Construction debris (adhesives, sawdust, etc.) * Pollen* Bacteria* Asbestos* Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercuryEW right! Now here is what you can do to trap and get ride of that nasty dust. Over the past few years microfiber clothes and products containing microfibers have been becoming more and more popular and all for good reason. Microfiber clothes and products can trap up to 400% of their weight in dust and dirt and can be laundered and reused several times which reduces waste. Simple buy your microfiber cloth or mint and either apply a small amount of cleaner or use them dry. You can dust your TV screen, wipe flat surfaces, use a separate one on glass for a great streak free finish, etc. The possiblities are endless. We use microfiber products in our Certified GREEN cleaning program and have reduced our supplies cost by 50%, help the environment by reducing waste (not using paper towels which by the way are bleeched), and we use all green product such as Clorox Green Works (c) to help our clients that suffer from allergies and are chemical sensitive. Green products work just as good as the regular cleaners. We believe in the Green movement so much that our whole company, CLEANPRO, has switched to Green products, Green cleaning techniques and Waste reduction and our cleaning technicians are green clean certified by The Green Clean Institute. So pick up a couple of microfiber clothes and go cleaning crazy. Article written by: Avinash Jadoonanan, President of CLEANPRO. www.cleanproclean.com Tell: 888-860-6669Was the Article Useful?I hope you enjoyed the article! Please rate it at the following link, your feedback is highly appreciated: What's In Dust?
วันพุธที่ 26 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552
A Life - based on programming.... Part 3 by Adrian Leach
Thoughts, Beliefs and our Body (Quantum Physics) What would it mean to discover that everything from the DNA of life, to the future of our world, is based upon a simple "Reality Code" that may be changed and be upgraded by choice? Until recently, it was thought that genes were self-actualising meaning genes could turn themselves on and off. As a result, most people today believe they are genetic automatons, and that their genes control their lives.
The research of Dr Bruce Lipton Ph. D introduces a radical new understanding of cell science. The new biology reveals that we ‘control' our genome rather than being controlled by it. It is now recognized that the environment, and more specifically, our perception or interpretation of the environment directly controls the activity of our genes. This explains why people can have spontaneous remissions or recover from injuries deemed to be permanent disabilities. It really is about "mind over matter".
This new perspective of human biology does not view the body as just a mechanical device, but rather incorporates the role of a mind and spirit. This breakthrough is fundamental in all healing because it recognizes that when we change our perception or beliefs we send totally different messages to our cells, causing a reprogramming of their expression.
Dr Bruce Lipton Ph. D says that this new science is called Epigenetic. It's been around for about 19 years (1990), but it's just now being introduced to the general public. For example, The American Cancer Society is an organization that has been looking for cancer genes for the last 50 years or so. But they've found that only about 5 percent of cancer has genetic linkage, leaving 95% that is not genetically linked. Recently the American Cancer Society released a statistic that said 60 percent of cancer is avoidable by changing lifestyle and diet. So now they are telling us, "It's the way you live, it's not your genes."
Within every one of our bodies at this very moment, there are billions of stem cells, embryonic cells designed to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. However, the activity and fate of these regenerative cells are epigenetically controlled. That means they are profoundly influenced by our thoughts and perceptions about the environment. Hence our beliefs about aging can either interfere with or enhance stem cell function, causing us to physiologically regeneration or decline.
Cooperation and community are actually the underlying principles of evolution, as well as the underlying principles of cell biology. The human body represents the cooperative effort of a community of fifty trillion single cells. A community, by definition, is an organization of individuals committed to supporting a shared vision. Information from the environment is transferred to the cell via the cell membrane. Scientists thought that the cell nucleus was the brain of the cell. But in 1985 Dr Bruce Lipton Ph. D discovered that the membrane is actually the brain of the cell. The nucleus, as it turns out, is actually the reproductive centre.
The cell membrane (memory-brain!) monitors the condition of the environment and then sends signals to the genes to engage cellular mechanisms, which in turn, provide for its survival. In the human body, the brain sends messages to the cell's membrane to control its behavior and genetic activity. This is how the mind, via the brain, controls our biology.
For example, an important discipline in the health sciences is referred to as Psycho-neuroimmunology. Literally this term means: the mind (psycho-) controls the brain (neuro-), which in turn, controls the immune system (immunology). This is how the placebo effect works!
When the mind perceives that the environment is safe and supportive, the cells focus on growth. Cells need growth in order to maintain the body's healthy functioning. However, when confronted by stress, cells adopt a defensive protection posture. When that happens, the body's energy resources, normally used to sustain growth, are diverted to systems that provide protection. The result is that growth processes are restricted or suspended. While our systems can accommodate periods of acute (brief) stress, prolonged or chronic stress is debilitating because the body's energy demands interfere with the maintenance it requires, and this is what leads to dysfunction and disease.
In a state of shock or fear, stress hormones change the flow of blood in the brain. Under normal, healthy situations, blood flow in the brain is preferentially focused in the forebrain, the site of conscious control. However, in stress, the forebrain blood vessels constrict, forcing the blood to the hindbrain, the centre of subconscious reflex control. Simply, in fear mode we become more reactive and less intelligent.
Dr. Masaru Emoto From Dr. Emoto's work we are provided with factual evidence, that human energy, thoughts, words, ideas and music, affect the molecular structure of water, the very same water that comprises over seventy percent of a mature human body and covers the same amount of our planet.
Dr Emoto has found that by placing a piece of paper with a word written on it will change the molecular structure of the water. A drop of the water is then placed in a dish and frozen. The resulting ice crystal is then observed through a Dark Field microscope. When beautiful and harmonious words are used like love or happiness, beautiful symmetrical crystals are observed. However, when words like hate or anger are written on the paper, the result on the water crystal is quite different. The crystals appear all disfigured and twisted.
To test this phenomenon Dr Emoto swapped the two labels around and found that the effects were reversed. Water is the very source of all life on this planet, the quality and integrity is vitally important to all forms of life. The body is very much like a sponge and is composed of trillions of cells that hold liquid. The quality of our life is directly connected to the quality of our water.
Water is a very malleable substance. Its physical shape easily adapts to whatever environment is present. But its physical appearance is not the only thing that changes, the molecular shape also changes. The energy or vibrations of the environment will change the molecular shape of water. In this sense water not only has the ability to visually reflect the environment but it also molecularly reflects the environment.
Our very thoughts, feelings, emotions and belief systems, if negative or limiting, will have a direct effect on our cells and immune system. This is yet more proof that we really are what we think! By making energetic changes we can the programming that created these negative beliefs and drastically improve every cell of our bodies to living a happier, healthier and longer life, now…
Dr. Bradley Nelson â€" “The Emotion Code†Dr. Nelson, author of “The Emotion Code,†believes that much of our suffering is due to negative emotional energies that have become ‘trapped’ within us, usually in our joints, when we are upset or stressed. Each emotion has a unique frequency and, when trapped in the body, causes the surrounding tissue frequency to change. This causes a disruption which leads to pain.
It is also Dr. Nelson’s experience that a significant percentage of all physical illnesses, emotional difficulties and self-sabotage are actually caused by these unseen energies. When we clear these trapped emotions the physical symptoms goes away.
The research of Dr Bruce Lipton Ph. D introduces a radical new understanding of cell science. The new biology reveals that we ‘control' our genome rather than being controlled by it. It is now recognized that the environment, and more specifically, our perception or interpretation of the environment directly controls the activity of our genes. This explains why people can have spontaneous remissions or recover from injuries deemed to be permanent disabilities. It really is about "mind over matter".
This new perspective of human biology does not view the body as just a mechanical device, but rather incorporates the role of a mind and spirit. This breakthrough is fundamental in all healing because it recognizes that when we change our perception or beliefs we send totally different messages to our cells, causing a reprogramming of their expression.
Dr Bruce Lipton Ph. D says that this new science is called Epigenetic. It's been around for about 19 years (1990), but it's just now being introduced to the general public. For example, The American Cancer Society is an organization that has been looking for cancer genes for the last 50 years or so. But they've found that only about 5 percent of cancer has genetic linkage, leaving 95% that is not genetically linked. Recently the American Cancer Society released a statistic that said 60 percent of cancer is avoidable by changing lifestyle and diet. So now they are telling us, "It's the way you live, it's not your genes."
Within every one of our bodies at this very moment, there are billions of stem cells, embryonic cells designed to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. However, the activity and fate of these regenerative cells are epigenetically controlled. That means they are profoundly influenced by our thoughts and perceptions about the environment. Hence our beliefs about aging can either interfere with or enhance stem cell function, causing us to physiologically regeneration or decline.
Cooperation and community are actually the underlying principles of evolution, as well as the underlying principles of cell biology. The human body represents the cooperative effort of a community of fifty trillion single cells. A community, by definition, is an organization of individuals committed to supporting a shared vision. Information from the environment is transferred to the cell via the cell membrane. Scientists thought that the cell nucleus was the brain of the cell. But in 1985 Dr Bruce Lipton Ph. D discovered that the membrane is actually the brain of the cell. The nucleus, as it turns out, is actually the reproductive centre.
The cell membrane (memory-brain!) monitors the condition of the environment and then sends signals to the genes to engage cellular mechanisms, which in turn, provide for its survival. In the human body, the brain sends messages to the cell's membrane to control its behavior and genetic activity. This is how the mind, via the brain, controls our biology.
For example, an important discipline in the health sciences is referred to as Psycho-neuroimmunology. Literally this term means: the mind (psycho-) controls the brain (neuro-), which in turn, controls the immune system (immunology). This is how the placebo effect works!
When the mind perceives that the environment is safe and supportive, the cells focus on growth. Cells need growth in order to maintain the body's healthy functioning. However, when confronted by stress, cells adopt a defensive protection posture. When that happens, the body's energy resources, normally used to sustain growth, are diverted to systems that provide protection. The result is that growth processes are restricted or suspended. While our systems can accommodate periods of acute (brief) stress, prolonged or chronic stress is debilitating because the body's energy demands interfere with the maintenance it requires, and this is what leads to dysfunction and disease.
In a state of shock or fear, stress hormones change the flow of blood in the brain. Under normal, healthy situations, blood flow in the brain is preferentially focused in the forebrain, the site of conscious control. However, in stress, the forebrain blood vessels constrict, forcing the blood to the hindbrain, the centre of subconscious reflex control. Simply, in fear mode we become more reactive and less intelligent.
Dr. Masaru Emoto From Dr. Emoto's work we are provided with factual evidence, that human energy, thoughts, words, ideas and music, affect the molecular structure of water, the very same water that comprises over seventy percent of a mature human body and covers the same amount of our planet.
Dr Emoto has found that by placing a piece of paper with a word written on it will change the molecular structure of the water. A drop of the water is then placed in a dish and frozen. The resulting ice crystal is then observed through a Dark Field microscope. When beautiful and harmonious words are used like love or happiness, beautiful symmetrical crystals are observed. However, when words like hate or anger are written on the paper, the result on the water crystal is quite different. The crystals appear all disfigured and twisted.
To test this phenomenon Dr Emoto swapped the two labels around and found that the effects were reversed. Water is the very source of all life on this planet, the quality and integrity is vitally important to all forms of life. The body is very much like a sponge and is composed of trillions of cells that hold liquid. The quality of our life is directly connected to the quality of our water.
Water is a very malleable substance. Its physical shape easily adapts to whatever environment is present. But its physical appearance is not the only thing that changes, the molecular shape also changes. The energy or vibrations of the environment will change the molecular shape of water. In this sense water not only has the ability to visually reflect the environment but it also molecularly reflects the environment.
Our very thoughts, feelings, emotions and belief systems, if negative or limiting, will have a direct effect on our cells and immune system. This is yet more proof that we really are what we think! By making energetic changes we can the programming that created these negative beliefs and drastically improve every cell of our bodies to living a happier, healthier and longer life, now…
Dr. Bradley Nelson â€" “The Emotion Code†Dr. Nelson, author of “The Emotion Code,†believes that much of our suffering is due to negative emotional energies that have become ‘trapped’ within us, usually in our joints, when we are upset or stressed. Each emotion has a unique frequency and, when trapped in the body, causes the surrounding tissue frequency to change. This causes a disruption which leads to pain.
It is also Dr. Nelson’s experience that a significant percentage of all physical illnesses, emotional difficulties and self-sabotage are actually caused by these unseen energies. When we clear these trapped emotions the physical symptoms goes away.
วันจันทร์ที่ 24 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552
Colon Cancer News - The Must Know Basics Of Screening by Nancy Tagore
Five Stages Of Colon CancerColon cancer is a cancer that affects the four to five feet of the upper large intestine. In Stage 0, the cancer hasn't grown past the mucosa of the colon. In Stage I, the cancer has grown through the mucosa but hasn't spread past the colon wall. In Stage II, the cancer has penetrated the wall of the colon, but hasn't yet spread further. In Stage III, the cancer has invaded the surrounding lymph nodes. In Stage IV, the cancer has spread to distant organs through the cancerous lymph nodes. Although 49,920 deaths occur from colorectal cancer each year, it's believed many of these deaths could have been prevented with early detection and treatment.Cancer Risk FactorsThere are many important risk factors for cancer of the colon that makes someone a good candidate for colon cancer screening. Age is one factor, as about 90% of people diagnosed with this cancer are over 50. People are also more at-risk if they have ever had colorectal cancer, polyps, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diabetes, acromegaly (a growth hormone disorder) or radiation therapy as part of another cancer treatment. Some studies have shown that a greater risk exists for people who eat diets low in fiber and high in fat/calories, or diets high in red meat/processed meats. Obese individuals and smokers have an increased chance of developing and dying from this type of cancer too. As with most health conditions, genetics also play a role in many cases.The Cause Of Colon CancerColon cancer is the uncontrolled growth, division and replication of altered cells, which stack up in the intestinal lining. In later stages, the cancer can penetrate the colon walls, spreading to lymph nodes and other organs. Precancerous growths, called colon polyps, appear as mushroom-shaped bumps or recessed lesions in the colon walls. There are three main types of colon polyps: inflammatory, adenoma and hyperplastic. Inflammatory polyps often come after having ulcerative colitis and are usually removed because they often become cancerous if left unattended. Adenomas are also removed to avoid cancer development. By contrast, hyperplastic polyps are rarely a cause for concern.Screening Procedures For Colon CancerThe most basic colon cancer screening is a stool blood test (or a fecal occult blood test), which allows a patient to take a kit home, create a sample and return that sample to the lab, where a doctor will examine the results under a microscope. Similarly, a stool DNA test will send the sample kit off to the laboratory for more in-depth analysis, which may be able to indicate DNA mutations or tumors that indicate the presence of cancer. A flexible sigmoidoscopy takes just a few moments, and involves a flexible, slender, lighted tube being inserted into the last two feet of the rectum and colon to see if any colon polyps are present. A barium enema uses a contrast dye and x-rays to evaluate the lining of the bowels. A colonoscopy is similar to the sigmoidoscopy, but the instrument allows the doctor the ability to search the entire colon and rectum for polyps, rather than just the lower portion. Lastly, a virtual colonoscopy uses a computerized tomography machine to take images of the colon, which is a less invasive than a conventional colonoscopy screening.
A Brief History Of Holograms by Lawrence Reaves
A hologram is created by capturing the light reflected from an object and reconstructing it so the subject appears to move relative to the position of the viewer of the hologram. This is what makes a hologram appear 3-dimensional but in fact it is not, it is a 2-dimensional representation just as an ordinary photograph.
In 1947, Hungarian physicist, Gabor Denes (known as Dennis Gabor in English) was playing in his lab with the results of pioneering technological advances dealing with the development of the electron microscope. Dennis Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery but he had to wait until 1971 to receive the recognition he deserved.
The discovery was made in England at the commercial lab of British Thomas-Houston who filed a patent back in 1947, however the holographic light/optical technique did not attain any commercial significance until the development of the laser in 1960. With the invention of the laser, 3-dimensional objects were then able to be made and the technique was first discovered in 1962 by two sets of teams - one in Soviet Russia led by Yuri Denisyuk and in the US, led by Juris Upatnieks.
The initial holograms required illumination using the polarized light provided by a laser which severely restricted the use of the hologram. With the development of "Rainbow Transmission" holograms, ordinary white-light sources could be used to create the 3-dimensional replication and this opened the door to using holograms in everyday life. The holograms you see on credit cards and as security tags on product packaging are of this type. The rainbow transmission technique uses a surface print on a plastic film which is then backed by an aluminum mirror-coating to provide the backlight source of illumination - this is what creates the 3-dimensional image appear.
A refinement of the rainbow transmission hologram is the "reflection" or "Denisyuk" hologram. Here a multi-color image is reproduced and a white-light source from the same side of the viewer is only needed - this removes the need for the backlight coating which increases the cost of producing the hologram.
While static 3-dimensional images can be reproduced on a 2-dimensional medium, the science fiction concept of a 3-dimensional image being projected into a space is not yet with us. The ability to replicate a 3-dimensional image into a space holds a lot of attraction for television and film but while plenty of effort has been going into creating a 3-dimensional viewing experience, the reality is that this holographic development is still science fiction and not science fact. The 2008 holographic projection of CNN reporter Jessica Yellin during the Presidential elections last year may have given the impression of a hologram projection into space but in fact there was a merging of a video feed from the reporter which was then combined with the video feed created in the studio. In other words, it was a cheat, but still gave a good indication of the possibility of 3-d holographic movies and television may be able to bring to the movie theater or your living room within the next few years.
In 1947, Hungarian physicist, Gabor Denes (known as Dennis Gabor in English) was playing in his lab with the results of pioneering technological advances dealing with the development of the electron microscope. Dennis Gabor was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery but he had to wait until 1971 to receive the recognition he deserved.
The discovery was made in England at the commercial lab of British Thomas-Houston who filed a patent back in 1947, however the holographic light/optical technique did not attain any commercial significance until the development of the laser in 1960. With the invention of the laser, 3-dimensional objects were then able to be made and the technique was first discovered in 1962 by two sets of teams - one in Soviet Russia led by Yuri Denisyuk and in the US, led by Juris Upatnieks.
The initial holograms required illumination using the polarized light provided by a laser which severely restricted the use of the hologram. With the development of "Rainbow Transmission" holograms, ordinary white-light sources could be used to create the 3-dimensional replication and this opened the door to using holograms in everyday life. The holograms you see on credit cards and as security tags on product packaging are of this type. The rainbow transmission technique uses a surface print on a plastic film which is then backed by an aluminum mirror-coating to provide the backlight source of illumination - this is what creates the 3-dimensional image appear.
A refinement of the rainbow transmission hologram is the "reflection" or "Denisyuk" hologram. Here a multi-color image is reproduced and a white-light source from the same side of the viewer is only needed - this removes the need for the backlight coating which increases the cost of producing the hologram.
While static 3-dimensional images can be reproduced on a 2-dimensional medium, the science fiction concept of a 3-dimensional image being projected into a space is not yet with us. The ability to replicate a 3-dimensional image into a space holds a lot of attraction for television and film but while plenty of effort has been going into creating a 3-dimensional viewing experience, the reality is that this holographic development is still science fiction and not science fact. The 2008 holographic projection of CNN reporter Jessica Yellin during the Presidential elections last year may have given the impression of a hologram projection into space but in fact there was a merging of a video feed from the reporter which was then combined with the video feed created in the studio. In other words, it was a cheat, but still gave a good indication of the possibility of 3-d holographic movies and television may be able to bring to the movie theater or your living room within the next few years.
วันเสาร์ที่ 22 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552
Hair Transplant Terminology by Robert M. Bernstein, M.D., F.A.A.D.
Follicular Unit The follicular unit of the adult human scalp is a naturally occurring entity that consists of 1-4, and occasionally 5, terminal hair follicles, 1, or rarely 2, vellus follicles, the associated sebaceous lobules, the insertions of the arrector pili muscles, its neural and vascular plexuses, and the fine adventitial collagen which surrounds, and defines, the unit (the perifolliculum).
Follicular Unit Graft A graft that is obtained by dissecting out the individual, naturally occurring follicular unit. This is also referred to as a follicular unit implant, a term which implies that (unlike most grafts) the ratio of hair/skin is greater in the follicular unit implant than in the original donor area, since some of the non-hair bearing tissue has been trimmed away in the dissection.
Micrograft A 1-2 hair graft. It may consist of naturally occurring one and two-hair follicular units or be derived from larger units which are subdivided.
Minigraft A 3-6 hair graft derived from either a single follicular unit, multiple follicular units, or multiple, partial follicular units. As suggested by Walter Unger, this may be further classified into small minigrafts of 3-4 hairs, and large minigrafts of 5-6 hairs.
Slit-graft A 3-6 hair graft derived from either multiple follicular units, or multiple, partial follicular units where the dissection technique specifically attempts to produce a linear arrangement of follicles, or follicular units. This may be further classified into small slit-grafts of 3-4 hairs, and large slit-grafts of 5-6 hairs.
Follicular Unit Dissection A technique in which naturally occurring, individual follicular units are dissected from donor tissue that has been removed as a single strip (rather than with a multi-bladed knife of more than two blades) in order to keep the follicular units intact. Some non-hair bearing tissue is removed to decrease the overall bulk of the implant. Stereo-microscopic dissection is required.
Mini-Micrografts or Slit-grafts Cut to Size A dissection technique whereby the donor strip is subdivided to produce grafts of specific sizes as defined by the number of hairs they contain and/or the size of tissue that will fit into a specific recipient site. The removal of excess skin is not required. The dissection can be performed with or without magnification and the donor tissue may be removed as a single strip or with a multi-bladed knife.
Follicular Unit Transplantation A method of hair restoration surgery where hair is transplanted exclusively in its naturally occurring, individual follicular units. Single strip harvesting and stereo-microscopic dissection are required. The grafts must be placed into small recipient incisions.
Mini-Micrografting A method of hair transplantation which uses grafts containing 1-6 hairs, in groups that do not necessarily correspond to the naturally occurring follicular units. The recipient sites may be either incisions, excisions (tissue removed), or both.
Two Terminology Extremes: Science vs. Marketing Soon after the publication, Seager suggested to add another term, the "Follicular Family Unit." (7) To paraphrase Dr. Seager:
When dissecting follicular units, it is sometimes unclear as to which unit a seemingly "stray" hair belongs. In other words, occasionally it is not completely obvious where one follicular unit ends, and an adjacent one begins. When one is specifically trying to create increased density, a stray hair would be included with an (unusually) close neighboring, larger follicular unit, containing possibly three hairs. This technique would create a four-haired unit, when there may have been no four-haired units there at all. One must find two separate units that look close enough to almost "belong together." If the two contiguous units are chosen correctly, the resulting unit can be very difficult, sometimes impossible, to distinguish from a naturally occurring follicular unit.
The key to success in this endeavor is the concept of the "Follicular Family Unit." If any ("non-family") two-follicular units are randomly doubled up, the resulting graft will be more the size of a minigraft, rather than a micrograft. It would need a larger recipient site, which would preclude dense packing because of both technical planting limitations and impairment of scalp vasculature. If, on the other hand, despite their larger size, they are forced into minute micrograft-sized recipient sites; they would be traumatized during attempts at insertion.
Although the term "follicular family unit" was introduced to account for the variability in the anatomy of the follicular unit and to take advantage of these variations in the surgery, other terms were not necessarily based on purely scientific considerations.
A blatant misrepresentation of the term follicular unit was "Follicular Unit Coupling - The Role of Slot Grafting in Hair Transplantation." (8) In this case, the author attached the new term to the original slot grafting method. This was a technique that used slit grafts harvested with a multi-bladed knife and then cut into thin pieces and placed into large slots of skin removed with a rectangular punch. The term was new and a marketing campaign followed, but the technique was the same as the original one, with no-attempt whatsoever to use, or preserve, follicular units.
Between these extremes, is the ongoing struggle to describe what we do in a clear, precise way - in the face of ever evolving concepts and techniques, and an ever increasing number of terms. The issue at hand is to be able to distinguish which terms are adding to the science and which are just blurring it.
Making Sense of the FU Salad From the opening list of acronyms, all used at the recent ISHRS meeting, it seems that we again need to step back and examine the new terms, to see which represent distinct ideas or techniques and which are, perhaps, redundant. What follows is a first-pass attempt at sorting out the six terms that, in our opinion, are the most confusing, and have the most overlap. They come in two groups: The first is FU Coupling, FU pairing, Double FUs (DFUs) and Multiple FUs (MFUs). The second group includes FUE and FIT.
With respect to the first group, we think that there are two distinct situations that doctor's are trying to communicate with these terms. The first is the technique of placing two separately dissected follicular unit grafts into one recipient site. This is distinct from the commonly used term "Doubling-up" which many doctors have used to refer to placing two micrografts in one site. Our suggestion is to use the term FU pairing to refer to the technique of placing two separately isolated follicular units into one recipient site. We suggest discarding the term FU Coupling as it has been incorrectly associated with slit grafting procedures in past literature and its use will be confusing.
The second situation is when a doctor places two (or more) follicular units, that have not been separated in the dissection, into one hole. In our view, this is clearly not follicular unit transplantation. The reason is that a main advantage of FUT was that in isolating FUs one would remove some of the non-hair bearing skin between FUs, to decrease the bulk of the graft. This, in turn, would allow the doctor to use a smaller recipient site, create less wounding, allow for safely transplanting a larger number of grafts in a single session etc, etc. Using multiple non-dissected follicular units, in our view, creates a larger wound and accomplishes none of these goals.
We are not suggesting that doctors should abandon this technique. Some excellent surgeons incorporate these grafts into their procedures. We are merely suggesting that it not be called FUT. Well then what should one call them? Our answer is to call them what they have always been called, namely micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts. If one argues that they are now different due to the use of the stereo-microscope, then we agree. In this case, the grafts should be called microscopically dissected micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts, to communicate the fact that follicular transection may be avoided. But these are still not follicular unit grafts any more than a pedicle flap is follicular unit transplantation. To avoid confusion, we suggest eliminating the terms DFUs and MFUs.
So what should we call eyebrow transplants? According to the technique used by most hair restoration surgeons, where they divide up the donor strip into single hairs, it should be called one-hair micrografting. If one uses the contra-lateral eyebrow for donor hair, then this can truly be referred to as FUT.
FUE and FIT The increased transection rate of FUE harvesting techniques that use a sharp punch (relative to single-strip harvesting and stereomicroscopic dissection) had some doctors immediately question whether this procedure should be classified as a type of follicular unit transplantation. (9) With the introduction of the blunt dissection technique by Harris, that significantly decreased damage to follicles and increased the preservation of follicular units, the argument for classifying FUE as a type of FUT is considerably stronger - but certainly not bullet-proof - since in some cases significant transection remains and in others the entire follicular unit cannot be captured. (10)
The Follicular Isolation Technique (FIT), is a term used by Cole and Rose that refers to an FUE technique that uses a punch with a "stop" to limit the depth of penetration. Although these authors and other physicians question the need for a depth-stop in the extraction technique, FIT is possibly a better term than FUE if the entire unit is not being captured. In our view, when the goal is just to extract hair, rather than intact follicular units, the term FIT is preferable.
Conclusion In sum, these authors suggest that the following four terms and definitions be added to the original classification.
Follicular Family Unit Two closely contiguous follicular units that are dissected as one graft, so that they can fit into the same size recipient site as the largest naturally occurring follicular unit normally used in the procedure.
FU pairing The technique of placing two separately isolated follicular units into one recipient site.
FUE Direct donor extraction procedures where the intent is to extract the entire follicular unit. If a depth stop is used, this should be indicated.
FIT Direct extraction procedures where the intent is to extract individual or multiple hairs smaller than the entire follicular unit. (In other words, the direct extraction of micro-grafts.) If a depth stop is used, this should be indicated.
Micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts that have been dissected microscopically to prevent follicular transection should be referred to just that, namely: microscopically dissected micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts. These authors do not feel that these procedures should be classified as a type of follicular unit transplantation. We also suggest that the terms FU Coupling, DFUs and MFUs are confusing and should be abandoned.
References
1. Headington JT: Transverse microscopic anatomy of the human scalp. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:449-456. 2. Bernstein RM, Rassman WR, Szaniawski W, Halperin A. Follicular Transplantation. Intl J Aesthetic Restorative Surgery 1995; 3: 119-32. 3. Limmer BL. Elliptical donor stereoscopically assisted micrografting as an approach to further refinement in hair transplantation. Dermatol Surg 1994;20:789-793. 4. Seager D. Binocular stereoscopic dissecting microscopes: should we use them? Hair Transplant Forum Int 1996; 6(4): 2-5. 5. Bernstein RM: Microscopophobia. Hair Transplant Forum International. 1998; 8(5): 23. 6. Bernstein RM, et al. Standardizing the classification and description of follicular unit transplantation and mini-micrografting techniques. Dermatol Surg 1998; 24: 957-63. 7. Seager D. Dense hair transplantation from sparse donor area - introducing the "follicular family unit." Hair Transplant Forum Intl 1998; 8(1):21-23. 8. Bernstein RM, Rassman WR, Marritt E, Seager D, et al: A slot by any other name. Hair Transplant Forum International 1999; 9(6): 175. 9. Rassman WR, Bernstein RM, McClellan R, Jones R, et al. Follicular Unit Extraction: Minimally invasive surgery for hair transplantation. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28(8): 720-7. 10. Harris JA. The SAFE System: New Instrumentation and Methodology to Improve Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE). Hair Transplant Forum Intl. 2004; 14(5): 157, 163-4.
Follicular Unit Graft A graft that is obtained by dissecting out the individual, naturally occurring follicular unit. This is also referred to as a follicular unit implant, a term which implies that (unlike most grafts) the ratio of hair/skin is greater in the follicular unit implant than in the original donor area, since some of the non-hair bearing tissue has been trimmed away in the dissection.
Micrograft A 1-2 hair graft. It may consist of naturally occurring one and two-hair follicular units or be derived from larger units which are subdivided.
Minigraft A 3-6 hair graft derived from either a single follicular unit, multiple follicular units, or multiple, partial follicular units. As suggested by Walter Unger, this may be further classified into small minigrafts of 3-4 hairs, and large minigrafts of 5-6 hairs.
Slit-graft A 3-6 hair graft derived from either multiple follicular units, or multiple, partial follicular units where the dissection technique specifically attempts to produce a linear arrangement of follicles, or follicular units. This may be further classified into small slit-grafts of 3-4 hairs, and large slit-grafts of 5-6 hairs.
Follicular Unit Dissection A technique in which naturally occurring, individual follicular units are dissected from donor tissue that has been removed as a single strip (rather than with a multi-bladed knife of more than two blades) in order to keep the follicular units intact. Some non-hair bearing tissue is removed to decrease the overall bulk of the implant. Stereo-microscopic dissection is required.
Mini-Micrografts or Slit-grafts Cut to Size A dissection technique whereby the donor strip is subdivided to produce grafts of specific sizes as defined by the number of hairs they contain and/or the size of tissue that will fit into a specific recipient site. The removal of excess skin is not required. The dissection can be performed with or without magnification and the donor tissue may be removed as a single strip or with a multi-bladed knife.
Follicular Unit Transplantation A method of hair restoration surgery where hair is transplanted exclusively in its naturally occurring, individual follicular units. Single strip harvesting and stereo-microscopic dissection are required. The grafts must be placed into small recipient incisions.
Mini-Micrografting A method of hair transplantation which uses grafts containing 1-6 hairs, in groups that do not necessarily correspond to the naturally occurring follicular units. The recipient sites may be either incisions, excisions (tissue removed), or both.
Two Terminology Extremes: Science vs. Marketing Soon after the publication, Seager suggested to add another term, the "Follicular Family Unit." (7) To paraphrase Dr. Seager:
When dissecting follicular units, it is sometimes unclear as to which unit a seemingly "stray" hair belongs. In other words, occasionally it is not completely obvious where one follicular unit ends, and an adjacent one begins. When one is specifically trying to create increased density, a stray hair would be included with an (unusually) close neighboring, larger follicular unit, containing possibly three hairs. This technique would create a four-haired unit, when there may have been no four-haired units there at all. One must find two separate units that look close enough to almost "belong together." If the two contiguous units are chosen correctly, the resulting unit can be very difficult, sometimes impossible, to distinguish from a naturally occurring follicular unit.
The key to success in this endeavor is the concept of the "Follicular Family Unit." If any ("non-family") two-follicular units are randomly doubled up, the resulting graft will be more the size of a minigraft, rather than a micrograft. It would need a larger recipient site, which would preclude dense packing because of both technical planting limitations and impairment of scalp vasculature. If, on the other hand, despite their larger size, they are forced into minute micrograft-sized recipient sites; they would be traumatized during attempts at insertion.
Although the term "follicular family unit" was introduced to account for the variability in the anatomy of the follicular unit and to take advantage of these variations in the surgery, other terms were not necessarily based on purely scientific considerations.
A blatant misrepresentation of the term follicular unit was "Follicular Unit Coupling - The Role of Slot Grafting in Hair Transplantation." (8) In this case, the author attached the new term to the original slot grafting method. This was a technique that used slit grafts harvested with a multi-bladed knife and then cut into thin pieces and placed into large slots of skin removed with a rectangular punch. The term was new and a marketing campaign followed, but the technique was the same as the original one, with no-attempt whatsoever to use, or preserve, follicular units.
Between these extremes, is the ongoing struggle to describe what we do in a clear, precise way - in the face of ever evolving concepts and techniques, and an ever increasing number of terms. The issue at hand is to be able to distinguish which terms are adding to the science and which are just blurring it.
Making Sense of the FU Salad From the opening list of acronyms, all used at the recent ISHRS meeting, it seems that we again need to step back and examine the new terms, to see which represent distinct ideas or techniques and which are, perhaps, redundant. What follows is a first-pass attempt at sorting out the six terms that, in our opinion, are the most confusing, and have the most overlap. They come in two groups: The first is FU Coupling, FU pairing, Double FUs (DFUs) and Multiple FUs (MFUs). The second group includes FUE and FIT.
With respect to the first group, we think that there are two distinct situations that doctor's are trying to communicate with these terms. The first is the technique of placing two separately dissected follicular unit grafts into one recipient site. This is distinct from the commonly used term "Doubling-up" which many doctors have used to refer to placing two micrografts in one site. Our suggestion is to use the term FU pairing to refer to the technique of placing two separately isolated follicular units into one recipient site. We suggest discarding the term FU Coupling as it has been incorrectly associated with slit grafting procedures in past literature and its use will be confusing.
The second situation is when a doctor places two (or more) follicular units, that have not been separated in the dissection, into one hole. In our view, this is clearly not follicular unit transplantation. The reason is that a main advantage of FUT was that in isolating FUs one would remove some of the non-hair bearing skin between FUs, to decrease the bulk of the graft. This, in turn, would allow the doctor to use a smaller recipient site, create less wounding, allow for safely transplanting a larger number of grafts in a single session etc, etc. Using multiple non-dissected follicular units, in our view, creates a larger wound and accomplishes none of these goals.
We are not suggesting that doctors should abandon this technique. Some excellent surgeons incorporate these grafts into their procedures. We are merely suggesting that it not be called FUT. Well then what should one call them? Our answer is to call them what they have always been called, namely micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts. If one argues that they are now different due to the use of the stereo-microscope, then we agree. In this case, the grafts should be called microscopically dissected micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts, to communicate the fact that follicular transection may be avoided. But these are still not follicular unit grafts any more than a pedicle flap is follicular unit transplantation. To avoid confusion, we suggest eliminating the terms DFUs and MFUs.
So what should we call eyebrow transplants? According to the technique used by most hair restoration surgeons, where they divide up the donor strip into single hairs, it should be called one-hair micrografting. If one uses the contra-lateral eyebrow for donor hair, then this can truly be referred to as FUT.
FUE and FIT The increased transection rate of FUE harvesting techniques that use a sharp punch (relative to single-strip harvesting and stereomicroscopic dissection) had some doctors immediately question whether this procedure should be classified as a type of follicular unit transplantation. (9) With the introduction of the blunt dissection technique by Harris, that significantly decreased damage to follicles and increased the preservation of follicular units, the argument for classifying FUE as a type of FUT is considerably stronger - but certainly not bullet-proof - since in some cases significant transection remains and in others the entire follicular unit cannot be captured. (10)
The Follicular Isolation Technique (FIT), is a term used by Cole and Rose that refers to an FUE technique that uses a punch with a "stop" to limit the depth of penetration. Although these authors and other physicians question the need for a depth-stop in the extraction technique, FIT is possibly a better term than FUE if the entire unit is not being captured. In our view, when the goal is just to extract hair, rather than intact follicular units, the term FIT is preferable.
Conclusion In sum, these authors suggest that the following four terms and definitions be added to the original classification.
Follicular Family Unit Two closely contiguous follicular units that are dissected as one graft, so that they can fit into the same size recipient site as the largest naturally occurring follicular unit normally used in the procedure.
FU pairing The technique of placing two separately isolated follicular units into one recipient site.
FUE Direct donor extraction procedures where the intent is to extract the entire follicular unit. If a depth stop is used, this should be indicated.
FIT Direct extraction procedures where the intent is to extract individual or multiple hairs smaller than the entire follicular unit. (In other words, the direct extraction of micro-grafts.) If a depth stop is used, this should be indicated.
Micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts that have been dissected microscopically to prevent follicular transection should be referred to just that, namely: microscopically dissected micro-grafts, mini-grafts and slit grafts. These authors do not feel that these procedures should be classified as a type of follicular unit transplantation. We also suggest that the terms FU Coupling, DFUs and MFUs are confusing and should be abandoned.
References
1. Headington JT: Transverse microscopic anatomy of the human scalp. Arch Dermatol 1984;120:449-456. 2. Bernstein RM, Rassman WR, Szaniawski W, Halperin A. Follicular Transplantation. Intl J Aesthetic Restorative Surgery 1995; 3: 119-32. 3. Limmer BL. Elliptical donor stereoscopically assisted micrografting as an approach to further refinement in hair transplantation. Dermatol Surg 1994;20:789-793. 4. Seager D. Binocular stereoscopic dissecting microscopes: should we use them? Hair Transplant Forum Int 1996; 6(4): 2-5. 5. Bernstein RM: Microscopophobia. Hair Transplant Forum International. 1998; 8(5): 23. 6. Bernstein RM, et al. Standardizing the classification and description of follicular unit transplantation and mini-micrografting techniques. Dermatol Surg 1998; 24: 957-63. 7. Seager D. Dense hair transplantation from sparse donor area - introducing the "follicular family unit." Hair Transplant Forum Intl 1998; 8(1):21-23. 8. Bernstein RM, Rassman WR, Marritt E, Seager D, et al: A slot by any other name. Hair Transplant Forum International 1999; 9(6): 175. 9. Rassman WR, Bernstein RM, McClellan R, Jones R, et al. Follicular Unit Extraction: Minimally invasive surgery for hair transplantation. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28(8): 720-7. 10. Harris JA. The SAFE System: New Instrumentation and Methodology to Improve Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE). Hair Transplant Forum Intl. 2004; 14(5): 157, 163-4.
The Value of Regular Dentist Visits by Kenneth Shannon
If you think that brushing and flossing alone is enough to keep your teeth and mouth clean and healthy, think again. If you think that you can manage to have a clean and healthy mouth without the help of a dentist, then what are dentists here for?
Dentists play a big part in managing the personal dental care of individuals. Dentists check your teeth and mouth for signs of cavities and gum disease.
They will also help you maintain extra clean teeth and they will also teach you the proper ways of brushing and flossing. They can even demonstrate it to you so that you can really see how it is done.
Be Careful Of What You Eat And Drink Dentists would also give you important advices related to teeth and mouth care. Perhaps one of the most common advices that dentists give their patients is to be careful with what they eat and drink.
Eating and drinking sugary stuffs such as candies, cakes and soda can attract a lot of plaque to stick to your teeth. If you want to have healthy teeth, do try to eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more water than soda.
More Than Sprays And Breath Mints The world is full of instant solutions and shortcuts and dental care is not exempted from the variety of instant solutions.
A lot of breath mints and breath fresheners are available in the market today, offering instant fresh breath to individuals who are perhaps too busy to spend at least three minutes to brush their teeth.
If you are one of the many people who are seeking the aid of breath mints and breath sprays to give you fresh breath, you might want to change your approach to personal dental care because it will just do you more harm than good.
Aside from the fact that breath mints and breath sprays can't really rid your teeth and mouth of minute pieces of food debris, they are also not good for long term use.
The truth is, breath mints and breath freshener sprays are only good at masking mouth odors.
Sure, they can give you instant fresh breath that can probably last for a few hours, but when you look at your mouth through a microscope, you will really be disgusted and appalled by all the bacteria and food debris that can be found in your mouth and in between your teeth.
Brushing:
Simplest Yet Most Essential Brushing one's teeth may seem to be the simplest and most basic part of personal dental care but it is one of the most needed things to do to achieve clean and healthy teeth.
You see, in order for you to prevent cavities, you need to brush off the plaque stuck in your teeth brought about by the food and beverages that you ate and drank.
Brushing regularly can also save you a lot of unwanted trips to the dentist. Remember, breath mints and breath freshener sprays won't help in getting rid of the bacteria that causes plaque to build up in your teeth.
If you want to have a nice set of teeth without having to undergo awful toothaches and bad breath, take the extra mile to spend time for your personal dental care routine.
Dentists play a big part in managing the personal dental care of individuals. Dentists check your teeth and mouth for signs of cavities and gum disease.
They will also help you maintain extra clean teeth and they will also teach you the proper ways of brushing and flossing. They can even demonstrate it to you so that you can really see how it is done.
Be Careful Of What You Eat And Drink Dentists would also give you important advices related to teeth and mouth care. Perhaps one of the most common advices that dentists give their patients is to be careful with what they eat and drink.
Eating and drinking sugary stuffs such as candies, cakes and soda can attract a lot of plaque to stick to your teeth. If you want to have healthy teeth, do try to eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more water than soda.
More Than Sprays And Breath Mints The world is full of instant solutions and shortcuts and dental care is not exempted from the variety of instant solutions.
A lot of breath mints and breath fresheners are available in the market today, offering instant fresh breath to individuals who are perhaps too busy to spend at least three minutes to brush their teeth.
If you are one of the many people who are seeking the aid of breath mints and breath sprays to give you fresh breath, you might want to change your approach to personal dental care because it will just do you more harm than good.
Aside from the fact that breath mints and breath sprays can't really rid your teeth and mouth of minute pieces of food debris, they are also not good for long term use.
The truth is, breath mints and breath freshener sprays are only good at masking mouth odors.
Sure, they can give you instant fresh breath that can probably last for a few hours, but when you look at your mouth through a microscope, you will really be disgusted and appalled by all the bacteria and food debris that can be found in your mouth and in between your teeth.
Brushing:
Simplest Yet Most Essential Brushing one's teeth may seem to be the simplest and most basic part of personal dental care but it is one of the most needed things to do to achieve clean and healthy teeth.
You see, in order for you to prevent cavities, you need to brush off the plaque stuck in your teeth brought about by the food and beverages that you ate and drank.
Brushing regularly can also save you a lot of unwanted trips to the dentist. Remember, breath mints and breath freshener sprays won't help in getting rid of the bacteria that causes plaque to build up in your teeth.
If you want to have a nice set of teeth without having to undergo awful toothaches and bad breath, take the extra mile to spend time for your personal dental care routine.
วันอังคารที่ 18 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552
7th Grade Science Project Ideas Made Simple and Fun by Dee Schrock
There are a number of 7th grade science project ideas that a student can choose from to demonstrate concepts learned in class. A few such projects include:* Collect water from a nearby stream or pond and view a drop of it under a microscope. Note what kinds of things you see and make drawings of them. Which are plants and which are animals? What is greater in your sample, plants or animals? What factors might affect the numbers of each that you find?* Draw a cell and label all of its parts. What function does each part of the cell serve? Are there differences between plant and animal cells? If do, what are they?* Name the four different blood groups found in humans. What type is the rarest? The most common? How does the blood type of a person's parents affect the outcome of their own (i.e. if a person with type A blood marries someone with type O, what type will any offspring have?* Draw a picture of a red blood call from a human and label all of its parts. Now draw a picture of the red blood cell from an animal, like a cow and label all of the parts. Are there any differences? If so, what part do you think these differences play in the function of the cell?* Build a 3D model of a single-celled animal from cake. Use different tints of frosting to make the different structures inside the animal. Licorice laces can be cut up to represent the cilia. Before the cake is eaten, hand out a sheet that has the different parts labeled with call-outs, but not filled in. Allow people to view the cake and fill in the papers as to what each structure is. Just before the cake is cut, put out a poster that shows what everything is. Let the person who has the most right answers for these 7th grade science project ideashave the first piece of cake.* Take a sample of cells from the inside of the mouth and view them under a microscope. Stain the material with a drop of food coloring. Describe what you see. Make a drawing of any clear cells and label all of the structures present.* Plankton is made up of several kinds of single cell plants and animals. Find out what they are and make drawings of several different kinds of each. What animals use plankton as a food source. What kinds of changes in the environment could change plankton's survival in the water? Has plankton levels risen or fallen in recent years? Why?* Different bacteria exist all around us. Where are they found? What role do they play? In what cases should bacteria be encouraged to grow? In what cases should they be discouraged? Give an example of how or why they should be encouraged, and why they should be discouraged.With a little bit of careful thought it is possible to find any number of 7th grade science project ideas that can be turned into a science project for the inquisitive student.
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